We can have safe, sustainable energy
With renewables we can contain consumption – and climate warming at 2C – if the big users act now

Progress in renewables shows rapid change
is possible; the output from onshore wind has grown 27% annually over
10 years. Photograph: Peter Parks/AFP/Getty
The world's energy system is being pushed to breaking point, and
our addiction to fossil fuels grows stronger each year. Many clean
energy technologies are available, but they are not being deployed
quickly enough to avert potentially disastrous consequences.
This is the message the International Energy Agency will deliver on Wednesday in London at the Clean Energy Ministerial, a meeting of ministers and representatives of nations that together account for four-fifths of world energy demand. In a new report
we find that achieving a more secure, sustainable energy system, in
line with the goal of limiting the rise in global temperatures to 2C, is
still possible but requires urgent action by the world's major
governments.
The present state of affairs is unacceptable
precisely because we have a responsibility and a golden opportunity to
act. Energy-related CO2 emissions are at historic highs; under current
policies we estimate energy use and CO2 emissions will increase by a
third by 2020, and almost double by 2050. This would probably send
global temperatures at least 6C higher within this century.
It
doesn't have to be this way. One need only look at the recent progress
made by a portfolio of renewable technologies to see that rapid
technological change is possible. In particular, the output from onshore
wind power has grown by 27% annually over the past decade. Solar panels
easily installed by households and businesses (known as solar PV) have
grown 42% annually, albeit from a small base.
But other
technologies with great potential for energy and emissions savings are
making much less progress. Vehicle fuel-efficiency improvement is slow
in many countries, and manufacturers' sales projections for electric
vehicles after 2014 are a fraction of government targets. Carbon capture
and storage is not seeing the rate of investment needed to develop
full-scale demonstration projects. In addition, half of new electricity
demand has been met by coal; and to make things more challenging, 50% of
those new coal-fired power plants are still being built with
inefficient technology. All these trends are going in the wrong
direction.
Every day that goes by without action means higher
costs down the road. Fortunately, the ministers gathering this week in
London have the power to encourage investment, innovation and reform.
With that in mind, we offer three key recommendations.
First,
level the playing field for clean energy technologies. This means
ensuring that energy prices reflect the "true cost" of energy –
accounting for the positive and negative impacts of energy production
and consumption. It also means removing fossil fuel subsidies (which
were at $409bn worldwide in 2010, against the $66bn allotted for
renewable energy support), while ensuring all citizens have access to
affordable energy.
Second, unlock the potential of energy
efficiency, the "hidden fuel" of the future. The IEA has developed 25
energy efficiency poli recommendations that, if implemented globally
now, could cumulatively save about 7.3 gigatonnes of CO2 a year by 2030.
That's equivalent to Europe's current energy bill, or about €850bn a
year. Governments should commit to applying these measures as soon as
possible.
And finally, accelerate energy innovation and public
support for research, development and demonstration. This will help lay
the groundwork for private sector innovation and speed technologies to
market.
The ministers meeting this week have an incredible
opportunity before them. It is my hope that they heed our warning of
slow progress and act to seize the security, economic and environmental
benefits clean energy transition can bring.
Maria van der Hoeven is executive director of the International Energy Agency